आंतरराष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा

सुरक्षा परिषदेची कार्ये:

• आंतरराष्ट्रीय शांतता आणि सुरक्षा जतन करणे: सुरक्षा परिषदेचे प्राथमिक कार्य आंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तरावर शांतता आणि सुरक्षा जतन करणे आहे. युद्धासारखी परिस्थिती निर्माण झाल्यास, Council सर्वप्रथम दोन्ही बाजूंना शस्त्रसंधी करण्याचे आवाहन करते.
• शांततापूर्ण मार्गाने विवाद मिटवणे: परिषदेचे सदस्य राष्ट्रांमधील विवाद शांततापूर्ण मार्गाने सोडवण्याचा प्रयत्न करतात. यासाठी वाटाघाटी, मध्यस्थी आणि लवाद यांसारख्या पद्धतींचा वापर केला जातो.
• आक्रमक कृती रोखणे: सुरक्षा परिषद आक्रमक कृतींना प्रतिबंध घालण्यासाठी उपाययोजना करते. यात आर्थिक निर्बंध लादणे, शस्त्रबंदी करणे आणि आवश्यक वाटल्यास लष्करी कारवाई करणे इत्यादींचा समावेश होतो.
• संयुक्त राष्ट्रांच्याflagshipoperationsoperations अंतर्गत शांतता राखणे: सुरक्षा परिषद संयुक्त राष्ट्रांच्या शांतता मोहिमांचे नियोजन आणि संचालन करते.
• नवीन सदस्य राष्ट्रांची शिफारस करणे: सुरक्षा परिषद आमसभेला नवीन सदस्य राष्ट्रांची शिफारस करते.
• महासचिवपदासाठी उमेदवाराची शिफारस करणे: सुरक्षा परिषद आमसभेला महासचिवपदासाठी एका उमेदवाराची शिफारस करते.
• आंतरराष्ट्रीय न्यायालयाच्या न्यायाधीशांची निवड: सुरक्षा परिषद आमसभेसोबत एकत्रितपणे आंतरराष्ट्रीय न्यायालयाच्या न्यायाधीशांची निवड करते.

टीप: सुरक्षा परिषदेच्या निर्णयांचे पालन करणे सदस्य राष्ट्रांवर बंधनकारक असते.

राजकीय उपाय:

• आंतरराष्ट्रीय सहकार्य वाढवणे: जगातील सर्व राष्ट्रांनी एकत्र येऊन काम करणे, ज्यामुळे शांतता आणि सुरक्षितता टिकून राहील.
• संघर्ष निवारण: दोन देशांमधील वाद शांततेने सोडवण्यासाठी संवाद आणि मध्यस्थीचा वापर करणे.
• शस्त्रांवर नियंत्रण: घातक शस्त्रांची निर्मिती आणि प्रसार रोखण्यासाठी नियम बनवणे.

आर्थिक उपाय:

• गरिबी निर्मूलन: जगातील गरिबी कमी करण्यासाठी उपाययोजना करणे, कारण गरिबीमुळे असंतोष वाढतो आणि त्याचा परिणाम सुरक्षिततेवर होतो.
• समान विकास: सर्व देशांना समान संधी मिळायला हवी, ज्यामुळे कोणताही देश मागासलेला राहणार नाही.

सामाजिक उपाय:

• शिक्षण आणि जागरूकता: लोकांना शांतता, सहिष्णुता आणि मानवाधिकार यांबद्दल शिक्षित करणे.
• सांस्कृतिक आदानप्रदान: वेगवेगळ्या संस्कृतींमधील लोकांना एकत्र आणून त्यांच्यात समंजसपणा वाढवणे.

तंत्रज्ञानाचा वापर:

• सायबर सुरक्षा: सायबर हल्ल्यांपासून बचाव करण्यासाठी तंत्रज्ञान विकसित करणे आणि माहिती सुरक्षित ठेवणे.
• Early Warning Systems: लवकर धोक्याचा अंदाज देणारी प्रणाली विकसित करणे, ज्यामुळे नैसर्गिक आपत्ती आणि मानवनिर्मित संकटांपासून बचाव करता येईल.

1. पारंपरिक सुरक्षा दृष्टीकोन (Traditional Security Approach):

2. गैर-पारंपरिक सुरक्षा दृष्टीकोन (Non-Traditional Security Approach):

हे दोन दृष्टिकोन जागतिक सुरक्षा विचारधारेचे महत्त्वपूर्ण भाग आहेत.

आंतरराष्ट्रीय दहशतवादी हल्ल्यांची काही उदाहरणे खालीलप्रमाणे:

• 11 सप्टेंबर 2001 चा हल्ला (अमेरिका): अमेरिकेमध्ये अल कायदा या दहशतवादी संघटनेने 11 सप्टेंबर 2001 रोजीcoordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated communicated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated coordinated.
• 2004 মাদ্রিদ ট্রেন বোমা हमला (स्पेन): स्पेनमध्ये 11 मार्च 2004 रोजी अल कायदा या दहशतवादी संघटनेने माद्रिद शहरातील लोकल ट्रेनमध्ये बॉम्बस्फोट घडवून आणले, ज्यात 193 लोकांचा मृत्यू झाला. Wikipedia
• 2008 मुंबई हल्ला (भारत): लष्कर-ए-तोयबा या पाकिस्तानी दहशतवादी संघटनेने 26 नोव्हेंबर 2008 रोजी मुंबई शहरात हल्ला केला, ज्यात 166 लोकांचा मृत्यू झाला. Wikipedia
• 2015 पॅरिस हल्ला (फ्रांस): इस्लामिक स्टेट (IS) या दहशतवादी संघटनेने 13 नोव्हेंबर 2015 रोजी पॅरिस शहरात हल्ला केला, ज्यात 130 लोकांचा मृत्यू झाला. Wikipedia